- SS1 GEOGRAPHY THIRD TERM: LAND RECLAMATION
- GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM
- LOCAL GEOGRAPHY
- SS1 GEOGRAPHY THIRD TERM : NIGERIA
- GEOGRAPHY OF NIGERIA
- SS1 GEOGRAPHY THIRD TERM: STATES IN NIGERIA
- SS1 GEOGRAPHY THIRD TERM: MINERAL RESOURCES IN NIGERIA AND LOCATION (I)
- MINERAL RESOURCES IN NIGERIA AND LOCATION (II)
- MINERAL RESOURCES IN NIGERIA AND LOCATION (III)
SS1 Geography Third Term: Land Reclamation
Geography, SS 1, Week 1
Topic: Land Reclamation
Content
- Meaning of Land Reclamation
- History of Land Reclamation
- Uses of Land
- Methods of Reclamation
Meaning of Land Reclamation
Land reclamation, usually known as reclamation, and also known as land fill (not to be confused with a landfill), is the process of creating new land from ocean , riverbeds, or lake beds. The land reclaimed is known as reclamation ground or land fill.
Land reclamation refers to the process of repairing or restoring disturbed land to a useful state. Land reclamation is an important part of the construction, mining, forestry, and agricultural industries. When land is disturbed, it is sometimes necessary for it to undergo reclamation, not only to help the environment flourish, but so it can be of use once again to these industries.
History of Land Reclamation
Reclamation has been practiced for centuries. Farmers reclaimed land by irrigating regions neglected by rainfall or by draining marshes and wetlands. By the 20th century, several irrigation projects were carried out in the U.S., Pakistan, and the Soviet Union, when it became evident how much damage to the environment could occur if reclamation projects were not initiated.
One of the first American attempts to regulate reclamation came at the foot of the Carey Land Act in 1894. The Act set focus on conserving natural resources and acknowledged that farming, grazing, and deforestation, teamed with little rainfall, was having a hazardous impact on the land.
In 1902, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation passed an act to supply water to farmers for disturbed lands throughout 17 western states. The process of irrigation increased the sustainability of the land, but unfortunately may have resulted in the land incurring selenium and salinity poisoning.
The Reclamation Act of 1902 put the onus on the federal government to make better use of reclamation projects. Within the next two or three decades, land reclamation became a dire need, as the drought of the 1920s and 1930s led to the existence of more land in need of restoration. The Bureau of Reclamation and the U.S. Army Engineers Corps began working together in land reclamation by building dams. The Flood Control Act of 1944 also worked to give the federal government more control over this issue.
Land is used for many reasons
- For the extraction of natural resources, such as in mining
- For the extraction of fruits, vegetables, and grains
- For raising livestock
- To build structures and buildings
- To raise animals and grow food
- To harvest trees and plant new ones
Methods of reclamation
Land reclamation can be achieved with a number of different methods.
- The most simple method involves simply filling the area with large amounts of heavy rock and/or cement.
- Filling with clay and dirt until the desired height is reached. The process is called “infilling”and the material used to fill the space is generically called “infill”.
- Draining of submerged wetlands is often used to reclaim land for agricultural use. Deep cement mixing is used typically in situation in which the material displaced by either dredging or draining may be contaminated and hence needs to be contained.
ASSESSMENT.
- What is the meaning of land reclamation?
- What is the history of land reclamation?
- What are the common uses of land?
- Discuss the methods of land reclamation.
Geographic Information System
Geography, SS 1, Week 2
Topic: Geographic Information System
Content
- Meaning of Geographic Information System
- Importance of Geographic Information System
- How to use GIS
Geographic information system
A geographic information system (GIS) is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of spatial or geographical data.
The acronym GIS is sometimes used for geographical information science or geospatial information studies to refer to the academic discipline or career of working with geographic information systems and is a large domain within the broader academic discipline of Geoinformatics.What goes beyond a GIS is a spatial data infrastructure, a concept that has no such restrictive boundaries.
In a general sense, the term describes any information system that integrates, stores, edits, analyzes, shares, and displays geographic information. GIS applications are tools that allow users to create interactive queries (user-created searches), analyze spatial information, edit data in maps, and present the results of all these operations.Geographic information science is the science underlying geographic concepts, applications, and systems.
A Geographic Information System or GIS is a computer system that allows you to map, model, query, and analyze large quantities of data within a single database according to their location.
Importance of GIS
- It helps to create maps
- integrate information
- visualize scenarios
- present powerful ideas, and
- develop effective solutions
How to use GIS
- Acquiring and maintaining accurate locational data of regulated facilities, pollutant sources and environmental resources,
- providing appropriate access to data
- Developing customized GIS maps, tools and applications, and
- Providing technical assistance to support GIS needs
ASSESSMENT.
- What is Geographic Information System?
- What is GIS used for?
- List the importance of GIS.
Local Geography
Geography, SS 1, Week 3
Topic : Local Geography
Content
- Definition of Geography
- Town
- Village
- Local Government Area in Nigeria
Meaning of Geography
Geography (from Greek) geographia, means. “earth description”is a field of science dedicated to the study of the lands, the features, the inhabitants, and the phenomena of Earth.
Town
A town is a human settlement larger than a village but smaller than a city. The size definition for what constitutes a “town” varies considerably in different parts of the world.
Village
A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town, with a population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. Though often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighborhoods.
Villages are normally permanent, with fixed dwellings; however, transient villages can occur. Further, the dwellings of a village are fairly close to one another, not scattered broadly over the landscape, as a dispersed settlement.
In the past, villages were a usual form of community for societies that practice subsistence agriculture, and also for some non-agricultural societies. In Great Britain, a hamlet earned the right to be called a village when it built a church.
Local Government Area
A local government area (LGA) is an administrative division of a country that a local government is responsible for.The size of an LGA varies by country but it is generally a subdivision of a state, province, division, or territory.
Local Government area in Nigeria
Nigeria has 774 local government areas (LGAs).
Each local government area is administered by a Local Government Council consisting of a chairman who is the Chief Executive of the LGA, and other elected members who are referred to as Councillors.
The functions of Local Governments are detailed in the Nigerian Constitution and include:Economic recommendations to the State;
- Collection of taxes and fees.
- Establishment and maintenance of cemeteries, burial grounds and homes for the destitute or infirm.
- Licensing of bicycles, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), canoes, wheel barrows and carts.
- Establishment, maintenance and regulation of markets, motor parks and public conveniences.
- Construction and maintenance of roads, streets, drains and other public highways, parks, and open spaces.
- Naming of roads and streets and numbering of houses.
- Provision and maintenance of public transportation and refuse disposal.
- Registration of births, deaths and marriages.
- Assessment of privately owned houses or tenements for the purpose of levying such rates as may be prescribed by the House of Assembly of a State.
- Control and regulation of out-door advertising, movement and keeping of pets of all descriptions, shops and kiosks, restaurants and other places for sale of food to the public, and laundries.
- Each of the areas is further subdivided into wards with a minimum of ten and a maximum of fifteen for each area.
ASSESSMENT.
- Define geography?
- What is the difference between a town and a village?
- What are the characteristics of a local government area?
- List the functions of a local government area according to the Nigerian constitution.
SS1 Geography Third Term : Nigeria
Geography, SS 1, Week 4
Topic: Nigeria
Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north. Its coast in the south lies on the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean.
Present-day Nigeria has been the site of numerous kingdoms and tribal states for millennia. The modern state originated from British colonial rule beginning in the 19th century, and the merging of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914.
The British set up administrative and legal structures whilst practicing indirect rule through traditional chiefdoms. Nigeria became a formally independent federation in 1960, and plunged into a civil war from 1967–1970. It has since alternated between democratically-elected civilian governments and military dictatorships, with its 2011 presidential elections being viewed as the first to be conducted reasonably freely and fairly.
Nigeria is often referred to as the “Giant of Africa”, owing to its large population and economy. With approximately 174 million inhabitants, Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the seventh most populous country in the world. Nigeria has one of the largest populations of youth in the world. The country is viewed as a multinational state, as it is inhabited by over 500 ethnic groups, of which the three largest are the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba; these ethnic groups speak over 500 different languages, and are identified with wide variety of cultures. Regarding religion, Nigeria is divided roughly in half between Christians, who live mostly in the southern and central parts of the country, and Muslims, concentrated mostly in the northern and southwestern regions. A minority of the population practice religions indigenous to Nigeria, such as those native to Igbo and Yoruba peoples.
In 2014, Nigeria’s economy (GDP) became the largest in Africa, worth more than $500 billion and $1 trillion in terms of nominal GDP and purchasing power parity respectively. It overtook South Africa to become the world’s 21st (nominal) and 20th (PPP) largest economy in 2015; furthermore, the debt-to-GDP ratio is only 11 percent (8 percent below the 2012 ratio). The country’s oil reserves have played a major role in its growing wealth and influence. Nigeria is considered to be an emerging market by the World Bank and has been identified as a regional power on the African continent. Nigeria is considered to be a middle power in the world, and has also been identified as an emerging power; it is a member of the MINT group of countries, which are widely seen as the globe’s next “BRIC-like” economies. It is also listed among the “Next Eleven” economies set to become among the biggest in the world. Nigeria is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the African Union, OPEC, and the United Nations among other international organizations.
Since 2002, the North East of the country has seen sectarian violence by Boko Haram, an Islamist movement that seeks to abolish the secular system of government and establish Sharia law in the country. Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan in May 2014 claimed that Boko Haram attacks have left at least 12,000 people dead and 8,000 people crippled. At the same time, neighboring countries, Benin, Chad, Cameroon and Niger joined Nigeria in a united effort to combat Boko Haram in the aftermath of a world media highlighted kidnapping of 276 schoolgirls and the spread of Boko Haram attacks to these countries.
ASSESSMENT.
- What is the meaning of the word “Nigeria”?
- Why is Nigeria referred to as the “Giant of Africa”?
- Which countries joined Nigeria to fight Boko Haram?
- What are the two major rivers in Nigeria?
Geography of Nigeria
Geography, SS 1, Week 5
Topic: Geography of Nigeria
Content
- Location of Nigeria
- Environmental Issues
Location of Nigeria
Nigeria is located in western Africa on the Gulf of Guinea and has a total area of 923,768 km2 (356,669 sq mi), making it the world’s 32nd-largest country (after Tanzania). It is comparable in size to Venezuela, and is about twice the size of the U.S. state of California. It shares a 4,047-kilometre (2,515 mi) border with Benin (773 km), Niger (1497 km), Chad (87 km), Cameroon (1690 km), and has a coastline of at least 853 km.[90] Nigeria lies between latitudes 4° and 14°N, and longitudes 2° and 15°E.
The highest point in Nigeria is Chappal Waddi at 2,419 m (7,936 ft). The main rivers are the Niger and the Benue, which converge and empty into the Niger Delta. This is one of the world’s largest river deltas, and the location of a large area of Central African Mangroves.
Nigeria has a varied landscape. The far south is defined by its tropical rainforest climate, where annual rainfall is 60 to 80 inches (1,500 to 2,000 mm) a year.In the southeast stands the Obudu Plateau. Coastal plains are found in both the southwest and the southeast. This forest zone’s most southerly portion is defined as “salt water swamp,” also known as a mangrove swamp because of the large amount of mangroves in the area. North of this is fresh water swamp, containing different vegetation from the salt water swamp, and north of that is rain forest.
Nigeria’s most expansive topographical region is that of the valleys of the Niger and Benue river valleys (which merge into each other and form a “y” shape) To the southwest of the Niger is “rugged” highland. To the southeast of the Benue are hills and mountains, which form the Mambilla Plateau, the highest plateau in Nigeria. This plateau extends through the border with Cameroon, where the montane land is part of the Bamenda Highlands of Cameroon.
The area near the border with Cameroon close to the coast is rich rainforest and part of the Cross-Sanaga-Bioko coastal forests ecoregion, an important centre for biodiversity. It is habitat for the drill monkey, which is found in the wild only in this area and across the border in Cameroon. The areas surrounding Calabar, Cross River State, also in this forest, are believed to contain the world’s largest diversity of butterflies. The area of southern Nigeria between the Niger and the Cross Rivers has lost most of its forest because of development and harvesting by increased population, with it being replaced by grassland (see Cross-Niger transition forests).
Everything in between the far south and the far north is savannah (insignificant tree cover, with grasses and flowers located between trees). Rainfall is more limited, to between 500 and 1,500 millimeters (20 and 60 in) per year. The savannah zone’s three categories are Guinean forest-savanna mosaic, Sudan savannah, and Sahel savannah. Guinean forest-savanna mosaic is plains of tall grass interrupted by trees. Sudan savannah is similar but with shorter grasses and shorter trees. Sahel savannah consists of patches of grass and sand, found in the northeast. In the Sahel region, rain is less than 500 millimeters (20 in) per year and the Sahara Desert is encroaching. In the dry north-east corner of the country lies Lake Chad, which Nigeria shares with Niger, Chad and Cameroon.
Environmental issues
Nigeria’s Delta region, home of the large oil industry, experiences serious oil spills and other environmental problems, which has caused conflict.Some of the Environmental issues in Nigeria are:
- Waste management:Lack of Waste management presents problems in a mega city like Lagos and other major Nigerian cities which are linked with economic development, population growth and the inability of municipal councils to manage the resulting rise in industrial and domestic waste. This huge waste management problem is also attributable to unsustainable environmental management lifestyles of Kubwa Community in the Federal Capital Territory, where there are habits of indiscriminate disposal of waste, dumping of waste along or into the canals, sewerage systems that are channels for water flows, etc.
- Deforestation and soil degradation
- Climate change or global warming are another major environmental problems in Nigeria.
- Haphazard industrial planning: increased urbanization, poverty and lack of competence of the municipal government are seen as the major reasons for high levels of waste pollution in major Nigerian cities. Some of the ‘solutions’ have been disastrous to the environment, resulting in untreated waste being dumped in places where it can pollute waterways and groundwater.
In 2005 Nigeria had the highest rate of deforestation in the world, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). In 2005 12.2%, the equivalent of 11,089,000 hectares had been forested in Nigeria. Between 1990 and 2000, Nigeria lost an average of 409,700 hectares of forest every year equal to an average annual deforestation rate of 2.38%. Between 1990 and 2005, in total Nigeria lost 35.7% of its forest cover, or around 6,145,000 hectares.
SS1 Geography Third Term: States In Nigeria
Geography, SS 1, Week 5
Topic: States In Nigeria
Contents:
- States in Nigeria
- Ethnic Group
- Languages in Nigeria
- Religions in Nigeria
- Anambra
- Enugu
- Akwa Ibom
- Adamawa
- Abia
- Bauchi
- Bayelsa
- Benue
- Borno
- Cross River
- Delta
- Ebonyi
- Edo
- Ekiti
- Gombe
- Imo
- Jigawa
- Kaduna
- Kano
- Katsina
- Kebbi
- Kogi
- Kwara
- Lagos
- Nasarawa
- Niger
- Ogun
- Ondo
- Osun
- Oyo
- Plateau
- Rivers
- Sokoto
- Taraba
- Yobe
- Zamfara
- Federal Capital Territory
Population in Nigeria increased from 1990 to 2008 by 57 million, 60% growth rate. Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and accounts for about 18% of the continent’s total population, however, exactly how populous is a subject of speculation.
The United Nations estimates that the population in 2009 was at 154,729,000, distributed as 51.7% rural and 48.3% urban, and with a population density of 167.5 people per square kilometer. National census results in the past few decades have been disputed. The results of the most recent census were released in December 2006 and gave a population of 140,003,542. The only breakdown available was by gender: males numbered 71,709,859, females numbered 68,293,08. On June 2012, President Goodluck Jonathan said that Nigerians should limit their number of children.
According to the United Nations, Nigeria has been undergoing explosive population growth and has one of the highest growth and fertility rates in the world. By their projections, Nigeria is one of eight countries expected to account collectively for half of the world’s total population increase from 2005–2050.[135] By 2100 the UN estimates that the Nigerian population will be between 505 million and 1.03 billion people (middle estimate: 730 million). In 1950, Nigeria had only 33 million people.
One in four Africans is a Nigerian.Presently, Nigeria is the seventh most populous country in the world. 2006 estimates claim 42.3% of the population is between 0–14 years of age, while 54.6% is between 15–65; the birth rate is significantly higher than the death rate, at 40.4 and 16.9 per 1000 people respectively.
Nigeria’s largest city is Lagos. Lagos has grown from about 300,000 in 1950 to an estimated 15 million today, and the Nigerian government estimates that city will have expanded to 25 million residents by 2015.
Ethnic groups
Nigeria has more than 250 ethnic groups, with varying languages and customs, creating a country of rich ethnic diversity. The largest ethnic groups are the Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo and Fulani, accounting for more than 70% of the population, while the Edo, Ijaw, Kanuri, Ibibio, Ebira, Nupe, Gwari, Itsekiri, Jukun, Urhobo, Igala, Idoma and Tiv comprise between 25 and 30%; other minorities make up the remaining 5%.
The middle belt of Nigeria is known for its diversity of ethnic groups, including the Pyem, Goemai, and Kofyar. The official population count of each of Nigeria’s ethnicities has always remained controversial and disputed as members of different ethnic groups believe the census is rigged to give a particular group (usually believed to be northern groups) numerical superiority.
There are small minorities of British, American, East Indian, Chinese (est. 50,000), white Zimbabwean, Japanese, Greek, Syrian and Lebanese immigrants in Nigeria. Immigrants also include those from other West African or East African nations. These minorities mostly reside in major cities such as Lagos and Abuja, or in the Niger Delta as employees for the major oil companies. A number of Cubans settled in Nigeria as political refugees following the Cuban Revolution.
In the middle of the 19th century, a number of ex-slaves of Afro-Cuban and Afro-Brazilian descent and emigrants from Sierra Leone established communities in Lagos and other regions of Nigeria. Many ex-slaves came to Nigeria following the emancipation of slaves in the Americas. Many of the immigrants, sometimes called Saros (immigrants from Sierra Leone) and Amaro (ex-slaves from Brazil) later became prominent merchants and missionaries in these cities.
Languages In Nigeria
Women in north Nigeria
There are 521 languages that have been spoken in Nigeria (nine of which are now extinct).
In some areas of Nigeria, ethnic groups speak more than one language. The official language of Nigeria, English, was chosen to facilitate the cultural and linguistic unity of the country, owing to the influence of British colonisation that ended in 1960.
The major languages spoken in Nigeria represent three major families of languages of Africa: the majority are Niger-Congo languages, such as Igbo, Yoruba and Fulfulde; Kanuri, spoken in the northeast, primarily in Borno and Yobe State, is part of the Nilo-Saharan family; and Hausa is an Afro-Asiatic language.
Even though most ethnic groups prefer to communicate in their own languages, English as the official language is widely used for education, business transactions and for official purposes. English as a first language is used only by a small minority of the country’s urban elite, and it is not spoken at all in some rural areas. Hausa is the most widely spoken of the 3 main languages spoken in Nigeria itself (Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba) but unlike the Yorubas and Igbos, the Hausas tend not to travel far outside Nigeria itself.
Religion in Nigeria
Islam (50.4%)
Christianity (48.2%)
Animist and Others (1.4%)
Nigeria is a religiously diverse society, with Islam and Christianity being the most widely professed religions. According to recent estimates, 50% of Nigeria’s population adheres to Islam (mainly Sunni). Christianity is practiced by 48% of the population (74% Protestant, 25% Catholic, 1% other Christian.Adherents of Animism and other religions collectively represent 1.4% of the population.[
All religions represented in Nigeria were practiced in every major city in 1990. Islam dominated the north and had a number of supporters in the South Western, Yoruba part of the country. Nigeria has the largest Muslim population in sub-Saharan Africa. Protestantism and local syncretic Christianity are also in evidence in Yoruba areas, while Catholicism dominates the Igbo and closely related areas. Both Protestantism and Catholicism dominated in the Ibibio, Annang, and the Efik kiosa lands.
The contested 1963 census indicated that 47% of Nigerians were Muslim, 35% Christian, and 18% members of local indigenous congregations. If accurate, this indicated a sharp increase since 1953 in the number of Christians (up 13%); a slight decline among those professing indigenous beliefs, compared with 20%; and only a modest (4%) increase of Muslims.
ASSESSMENT.
- How many states are in Nigeria?
- What is the current population of Nigerian?
- According to the 1963 census, what is the religious analysis of Nigerians?
- How many languages are spoken in Nigeria?
SS1 Geography Third Term: Mineral Resources In Nigeria and Location (I)
Geography, SS 1, Week 6
Topic: Mineral Resources In Nigeria and Location (1)
1. Resources in Abia State
The capital of Abia State is Umuahia. Main towns in Abia State include: Aba, Akwette, Bende, Afikpo and Arochukwu
Points of Interest:
- National War Museum at Umuahia where the Nigerian civil war and inventions are displayed.
- Aba – foremost electronics and indigenous technology city, Aba central Market
- Akwette – Blue River Tourist Village, Uwana Beach Akwette is also famous for its unique weaving industry.
- Agricultural Resources: Yams, Cassava, Oil Palm, Rubber.
Natural Resources: Oil, Salt
2. Resources in Adamawa State
The Capital of Adamawa is Yola. The Main Towns are: Yola, Jimeta, Numan, Mubi
Agricultural Resources: Guinea Corn, Maize, Cattle, Fish, Millet, Cotton.
Points of Interest: Three Sisters Hill – three hills that stand side by side.
3. Resources in Akwa Ibom State
The Capital of Akwa Ibom state is Uyo. The Main Towns are: Abak, Eket, Etinan, Ikono, Ikot Abasi, Itu, Oron, Uyo, Ikot Ekpene, Ukanafun.
Natural Resources: Petroleum, Salt, Iron, Coal, Gold, Clay, Limestone, Laterite and Gravel.
Agricultural Resources: Largest Palm Forest in Nigeria
Points of Interest: Ibeno famous for yachting and swimming, Oron Museaum – collection of finest carvings in Africa, Opobo Boatyard. Natural sand beaches at Ikot Abasi.
4. Resources In Anambra State
The Capital of Anambra state is Awka, the main towns are: Onitsha, Awka, Njikoka, Amawbia
Natural Resources: Iron Ore, Limestone, Coal Fine Clay, Marble and Silica Sand, Lead, Zinc, Petroleum and Natural Gas.
Agricultural Resources: Cocoa, Palm Oil, Maize, Rice, Cassava.
Points of Interest: Ijele masquerade from Aguleri, Omaba festival, Yearly yam festival, Odinani Museum at Nri. Anambra State is historically known for great craftsmanship, The River Niger with the famous Niger bridge links the bustling commercial town of Onitsha with ports at Port Harcourt, Burutu and Warri in Delta State.
5. Resources in Bauchi State
The Capital of Bauchi is Bauchi. The Main Towns are: Bauchi, Gombe, Azara, Misau, Jama’are, Ningi, Billiri, Dass.
Natural Resources: Columbite, Gold, Cassilerite, Coal, Limestone, Iron Ore, Antimony, Marble,
Agricultural Resources: Millet, Coffee, Cottom, Buinea Corn, Maize, Yams, Tomatoes.
Points of Interest: Yankari Game Reserve with warm spring at Wikki Lame Burra Game Reserve; Tomb of Late Alhaji Abubakar Tafawa Balewa – first Prime Minister of the Federation.
6. Resources In Benue State
The Capital of Benue state is Makurdi. The Main Towns are: Gboko, Katsina_Ala, Otukp, Ida, Dekina, Ankpa, Aliade, Vaneikya.
Natural Resources: Coal, Limestone, Petroleum, Tin, Columbite.
Agricultural Resources: Coffee, Rice milling, Seed crushing for oil.
Points of Interest: Enchanting scenic view of the Rivers Niger and Benue confluence. Ushango Hills. Enemebia Falls, Kwaghir theatrical display, Ingongh Dance, Alekwu masquerade Ogagany Dance, Pleasant beaches, numerous fishing festivals.
7. Resources in Borno State
The Capital of Borno is Maiduguri. The Main Towns are Borno, Bade, Fika, Biu, DGwoza, Nguru, Geidam, Gas, Konduga,Monguno, Potiskum, Bama.
Natural Resources: Clay
Agricultural Resources: Tomatoes, Carrots, pepper, Sorghum.
Points of Interest: Kyarimi Park in Maiduguri – sightseeing for animal and bird lovers, Shehu of Borno’s Palace, Lake Chad, Sambisa Game Reserve, Fishing festival at Gahsua (Usur) Ngeji Warm Springs. Leather tanning & ornamental leather work.
8. Resources in Cross River State
The Capital of Cross River is Calabar and the main Towns are: Akampa, Ikom, Obubra, Odukpani, Ogoja, Ugep.
Agricultural Resources: Cross River is extremely rich in fish production – major commercial species of fish include shrimps, croaks, catfish, the bonga and shark.
Points of Interest: Obudu Cattle Ranch. Agboin Falls and Kw Falls near Oban. Gamer Reserve at Okwangwo in Obudu local government and Boshi Game Reserve.
9.Resources in Delta State
The capital of Delta state is Asaba. The main Towns are: Warri, Sapele, Ughelli, Effurun, Forcados, Ozoro, Orerokpe, Agbor.
Major Ports: Warri, Koko, Burutu, Forcados handle a substantial part of the nation’s trade.
Agricultural Resources: Rubber, Crude Oil, Plywood, Timber.
Points of Interest: Sandy beaches of Asaba Koko Port Ajagbodudu, Olu’s Palace. ATP Timber and Plywood Factory at Sapele
10. Resources In Ebonyi State
The capital of Ebonyi is Abakiliki and the main towns are: Abakiliki, Afikpo, Izzamgbo, Iboko, Aba Omege, Okposi, Uburu, Edda, Onueke
Natural Resources: Cement, lead, zinc, salt
Agricultural Resources: Rice, Yam, Groundnut
Points of Interest: Ganymede Chapel is the historical site where the first governor of the Eastern Region was buried. Nkalagu cement factory, Modotel, Ebonyi Hotel, modern golf course. Abakiliki was one of the oldest towns in the Eastern Region that displayed annual agricultural shows through the initiative of Dr. M. Okpara.
11. Resources in Edo State
The capital of Edo is Benin City and the main towns are: Agbor, Ubiaja, Uromi, Auchi, Ekpoma, Sabongida-Ora.
Agricultural Resources: Edo State produces about 80% of Nigeria’s Rubber and Crepe. The State also has Timber, Palm Produce, Cocoa.
Points of Interest: Royal Palace at Benin, Benin Museum, Benin Moat, Emotan Statue, Somorika ills, Udo Tourist Center, Benin is famous for its unique bronze, brass, ivory works of art.
ASSESSMENT.
- Differentiate between natural resources and agricultural resources.
- Which state in Nigeria has the highest number of natural resources?
- Which state in Nigeria has the highest number of agricultural resources?
- Which state in Nigeria has the lowest number of natural resources?
- Which state in Nigeria has the lowest number of agricultural resources?
Mineral Resources In Nigeria And Location (II)
Geography, SS 1, Week 7
Topic: Mineral Resources In Nigeria And Location
1. Resources In Enugu State
The capital of Enugu state is Enugu. The Main Towns are: Abakaliki, Nsukka, Oji River.
Agricultural Resources: Rice, Yam, Cashew Nuts, Cassava.
Natural Resources: Coal, Lead, Limestone, Gypsum.
Points of Interest: Miliken Hill, Nike Lake, Iva Valley Coal Mines.
2. Resources In Imo State
The capital of Imo state is Owerri and the main towns are: Okigwe, Orlu, Oguta, Afikpo.
Natural Resources: Lead, Zinc, White Clay, Natural Gas, Limestone, Salt. Imo State is a major oil producing state.
Agricultural Resources: Cassava, Oil Palm, Rubber, Cocoa, Rice, Maize, Yam.
Points of Interest: Oguta Lake Holiday Resort with its sand beaches. The Rolling Hills of Okigwe. Amusement Park at Owerri. The Nekede Botanical Zoological Gardens. The Palm Beaches Tourist Village at Awomama.
3. Resources in Kano State
The Capital of Kano is Kano and main towns are: Dambatta, Bumel, Gwarzo, Hadejia, Karaye, Kano, Ririwan. Kano is one of the ancient Hausa Kingdoms where custom and tradition still play important roles in the life of local communities.
Natural Resources: Tin, Columbite, Casseterite.
Agricultural Resources: Wheat Groundnut, Cotton, Agriculture is the major economic activity and offers employment to more than 90% of the people. Kano is well recognised as a center for traditional arts and crafts such as leather work, weaving, pottery and wood carving. Exquisite Kano leather works are exported to Europe and North America.
Popular Markets: Kurmi, Sabon-Gari and Kantin-Kwan (all in Kano municipality).
4. Resources in Katsina State
The Capital of Katsina is Katsina and the main towns are: Daura, Katsina, Dutsin-ma, Malumfashi, Funtua, Manikankia, Kankari, Batsari, Mastu, Bakori, Jibiya.
Natural Resources: Large deposits of Kaolin and Asbestos.
Agricultural Resources: Groundnut, Maize, Cotton, Guinea Corn, Rice, Yam, Onions, Tomatoes, Wheat.
Points of Interest: Wall that surrounds Katsina-900 years old with its seven different gates. Emir’s Palace in Katsina and Daura. Kusugu well in Daura is of historical importance.
5. Resources in Kebbi State
The capital of Kebbi is Birnin Kebbi and the main towns are: Birnin Kebbi, Gwandu, Jega, Yauri
Natural Resources: Gypsum, marble, and Kaolin
Agricultural Resources: Millet, wheat and Guinea Corn
Points of Interest: Argungu Fishing Festival, a major international event featuring regatta, cultural dances, agricultural air, drama, motor rally and archery competition. Kanta Museum in Argungu is also a tourist attraction in this state. Famous for traditional arts and crafts, beads, words, glassware.
6. Resources in Kogi State
The Capital of Kogi state is Lokoja and the main towns are: Okene, Kabba, Lokoja
Natural Resources: Iron ore, marble
Points of Interest: Old buildings used by the Royal Niger Company when it had a royal charter over Nigeria. The Iron of Liberty-located in the compound of the first primary school in Northern Nigeria. Kogi State is also famous for “the Okene” cloth, woven with rich thread into exquisite styles of varying colours. The confluence of Rivers Niger and Benue at Lokoja, Borgu Game Reserve.
Important Festival: Ekuechi festival of the Ebirras.
7. Resources In Kwara State
The capital of Kwara state is Ilorin and the main towns are: Jebba, New Bussa, (Kainji), Offa, Oro, Orru-Aran, Ajase-Ipo, Obange, Bode-Sa’adu, Esie.
Natural Resources: Coal, Limestone, Marble, Iron, Ore, Feldspar, Clay, Tin, Talc, Gold.
Agricultural Resources: Cotton, Cofee, Cocoa, Kolanut, Tobacco leaves, Berniseed, Palm Produce.
Points of Interest: Esie Stone Image at Esie Kudn Igbomina-Ekiti area of the state. Kwara State has two of the largest dams, namely, the Kainji and Jebba, major sources of hydro-electric power for the country. Mungo Park Monument at Jebba.
8. Resources in Lagos State
The capital of Lagos State is Ikeja and the main towns are: Ikorodu, Epe, Badagry, Lekki, Victoria Island, Festac, Oshodi, Shomolu, Ikeja.
About 60 percent of the total industrial investments in Nigeria is in Lagos State and 65 percent of Nigeria’s commercial activities also take place in the State. Lagos hosts the Nigeria’s two largest sea ports:-Apapa and Tin Can Island. There are more than 2,000 industries of various sizes and description in Lagos State.
Points of Interest: Seaside attraction and resorts at Bar Beach, Victoria Island, Badagry, Lekki Penninsula. National Museum which houses important relics such as the traditional Benin Bronzes and the replica of the Festac ’77 symbol.
Important Festival: Eyo Masquerade which is held to celebrate memorable occasions of the death of an important person especially a distinguished member of the royal family.
9. Resources in Niger State
The capital of Niger State is Minna and the main towns are: Bida, Kontagora, Agaie, Kuta, Lapai, Padogari, Mokwa, Zungeri, Wushishi.
Natural Resources: Rice, Maize, Sorghum, Groundnuts, Millet, Sheanut, Beans, Soya, Cotton. Niger state is well-known for arts and culture, including hand made pottery, glass beads, bangles, mat making, brass works, embroidery and dyeing.
Points of Interest: Guara Falls in Boru Village, Zuguma Park, Zuguma, Shiror Hydroelectric Dam, Mungo Park’s Cenotaph.
10. Resources in Ogun State
The capital of Ogun state is Abeokuta and the main towns are: Aiyetoro, Ijebu-Igbo, Ijebu-Ode Ilaro, Odeda, Ogbere, Ota, Owode, Sagamu, Idogo, Iperu.
Natural Resources: Large deposits of Limestone, Chalk, Phosphate, Clay, Kaoline, Stones.
Agricultural Resources: Cocoa, Rubber, Timber, Kolanuts.
Points of Interest: Oba’s Palace at Ake, built in 1854 as the official residence of the Alake, the traditional ruler of Egbaland, is noted for its heavy concentration of antiquities and relics. The Centenary hall at Abeokuta, Olumo Rock.
Important Festivals: Agemo, Obinrin Ojowu, Egungun, Oro, Igunnuko Masquerades.
11. Resources in Ondo State
The capital of Ondo state is Akure and the main towns are: Ondo town, Oko-Akoko, Ikare-Akoko,
Agricultural Resources: Ondo State is the leading Cocoa producing area in Nigeria.
Points of Interest: National Museum at Owo which houses the wood and ivory carvings, brass and bronze works, excavated at Egbaren Estate, Owo in 1971, Ikogosi Warm Spring, Idanre Hills, Igbokodo Water Front, Ipole-Iloro Water falls, Oko Marie Hills at Oka-Akoko, Ebomi Lake at Epinmi-Akoko, Aiyetoro Holy Apostle Community.
12. Resources in Osun State
The capital of Osun state is Oshogbo and the main towns are: Ile-Ife, Ede, Ilesha, Ejigbo, Iwo, Igbajo.
Agricultural Resources: Cocoa, Coffee, Soya beans, Kola-nuts, Tobacco.
Natural Resources: Marble, Tin Columbite.
Points of Interest: Osun Shrine at Oshogbo, Opa Oranmiyan at Ile-Ife, Places of Owa Obokun in Ilesha and the Oni, Ife City Walls at Ile-Ife.
13. Resources in Oyo State
The capital of Oyo is Ibadan and the main towns are Ogbomosho, Oyo, Iseyin, Saki, Eruwa, Fiti. Ibadan, the state capital is the largest indigenous city in Africa, south of the Sahara with a population of about 1.4 million people.
Mineral Resources: Tin, Gold, Columbite and Marble exist in commercial quantities.
Agricultural Resources: Tobacco, Cocoa, Palm Produce, Beans, Plantain, Cassava, Maize, Kolanuts.
Points of Interest: University of Ibadan, Zoological Garden located inside the University of Ibadan, Agodi Zoological Garden, Cocoa House, First Television Station in Africa (NTA -Ibadan).
Traditional Festivals: Egungun, Ode-Ibadan
14. Resources in Plateau State
The capital of Plateau state is Jos and the main towns are: Akwanga, Awe, Bukuru, Barkin Ladi, Keffi, Lafia, Langtang, Nassarawa, Pankshin, Shendam, Von.
Natural Resources: Jos is the cradle of Tin mining operations on the Jos Plateau.
Agricultural Resources: The State has unique and beautiful climate that is conducive for the production of many crops and livestock varieties that flourish in both tropical and temperate environments, for example cotton, groundnuts, rice, Irish potatoes, maize, soya bean.
Points of Interest: Plateau state has a very rich cultural heritage. The major culture is one of the earliest iron smelting cultures dating between 500 BC and AD 200 is associated with the area. The National Museum at Jos, the oldest in the country. Museum of Traditional Nigerian Architecture, containing various architectural designs of major Nigerian ethnic groups. Jos wildlife Safari Park, Zoological Gardens. Asop Falls, Kura alls, Wase Rock, Kerang volcanic Mountain where the population Swan brand spring water is produced Shere Hills.
ASSESSMENT.
- Which Nigerian state is rich in crude oil?
- Which Nigerian state is rich in zinc?
- Which Nigerian state is rich in iron-ore?
- Which Nigerian state is rich in Tin?
Mineral Resources In Nigeria And Location (III)
Geography, SS 1, Week 8
Topic:Mineral Resources In Nigeria And Location (III)
1. Resources in Rivers State
The capital of Rivers state is Port Harcourt and the main towns are: Bonny, Bori, Ahoada, Town Brass, Buguma, Yenagoa, Abonema, Akassa, Okrika, Degema.
Natural Resources: Crude Oil, Natural Gas
Agricultural Resources: Oil Palm, Citrus fruits, Coconut, Banana, Cassava.
Points of Interest: Isaac Boro Park – the zoo which has a wide variety of animals, Nigeria’s first petroleum refinery at Elesa Elema, Water Glass Boatyard. Isaka Holiday Cruise Island, Oil well at Oloibiri.
The Riverine town of Bonny with the beautiful Finima Beach. Monument of King Jaja of Opobo and the relics of the Akassa raid of 1859. Slave transit hall at Akassa. The Ogidi Shrine at Nembe. The Onne Port.
2. Resources in Sokoto State
The capital of Sokoto is Sokoto and the main towns are Gusau, Yelwa, Gwandu. Sokoto is a major centre of Islamic scholarship in Nigeria.
Mineral Resources: Gold, Clay, Kaolin, Gypsum, Salt, Marble, Granite, Flipper and Limestone.
Agricultural Resources: wheat, Maize, Millet,Guinea Corn, Rice, Beans, Groundnut, Cotton, Sugarcane,Tobacco. Livestock production is a major activity in Sokoto State.
Points of Interest: Sokoto State has a rich history of culture and traditional festivals as well as many sites of historical or religious value which are of abiding interest to both scholars and tourists. Dyeing of fabrics – Fulani attires and wrapper known as “Wagambari,” Famous Moroccan leather products of trans – Saharan trade era has its roots in Sokoto. The museum, Emir’s palace, Gibadi Rocks – ancient fossils that are believed could provide a clue to the origin of the tomb of Usman Dan Fodio.
3. Resources In Taraba State
The capital of Taraba is Jalingo and the main towns are: Gembu and Takum
Agricultural Resources: Taraba has soothing temperature and climate with a rich vegetation that not only caters for herds of cattle but also grows a very popular and unique tea which is now being processed for export because of the richness of the flavour.
Points of Interest: Gashaka and Karimbela Game Reserves present an alluring scenery to tourists and visitors.
4. Resources in Yobe State
The capital of Yobe state is Damaturu and the main towns are Potiskum Nguru.
Agricultural Resources: Millet, wheat.
Points of Interest: Biu Plateau which has a very conducive tourist weather condition.
ASSESSMENT.
- Which states in Nigeria are rocks most present?
- Which states in Nigeria can wheat be found?
- Which states in Nigeria can oil palm be found?
- Which states in Nigeria can millet be found?