RECREATION, LEISURE AND DANCE ACTIVITY
IMPORTANCE OF FOOD
ATHLETICS (TRACK AND FIELD EVENT) – DISCUS AND SHOT PUT
BASIC SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES IN TRACK AND FIELD EVENTS
EXECUTION OF BASIC SKILLS IN DISCUS AND SHOT PUT
BALL GAMES – SOCCER
PRACTICAL (PRACTICE AND PERFORMANCE OF VOLLEYBALL)
SOCCER
PERFORMANCE AND PRACTICE OF SOCCER

RECREATION, LEISURE AND DANCE ACTIVITY

Physical Health Education JSS 1 Third Term

Week 1

TOPIC : RECREATION, LEISURE AND DANCE ACTIVITY

What is Recreation?

Recreation can be defined as participation in sporting activities during our leisure time through which one may better develop physically, mentally and emotionally and socially. It is a voluntary effort in which we don’t expect monetary gain. It is done for enjoyment at ones free time after the day work. Recreation is for fun, enjoyment, mental and physical benefits. Recreation is voluntary participation in leisure activities that are meaningful and enjoyable to the person involved.

What is Leisure?

Dictionary Definition: The condition of having one’s time free from the demands of work or duty. Macquarie Dictionary

Freedom or spare time provided by the cessation of activities;
Free time as a result of temporary exemption from work or duties;
A time at one’s own command that is free of engagements or responsibilities;
A period of unemployed time;
Opportunity provided by free time

Webster’s Third New International Dictionary Free time that can be used for rest, recreation e. t. c

What is Dance?

Dance is a recreational activity mostly done at leisure, aside for people who decide to take it as a profession. Dance involves the movements of body parts e. g arms, legs, thighs etc in a quick and lively manner. It could be an up and down movement or a side by side movement. Dance however involves the movement of the body which is a means to achieve physical fitness through the five fundamental movements of walking, running, jumping, leaping and hopping .There are different dance steps to different beats, songs and sounds .Since the beginning of time people have danced to celebrate important events in their lives. Dance is an expressive movement of turning, twisting and rolling of the body (parts) to con form with the rhythm of a sound,beat or music .It is a way of expressing our inner feeling of joy and happiness.

Differences between Leisure, Dance and Recreation

Leisure is the spare or rest time in the daily life of a person when he is not occupied by work, studies, sleep etc.

Recreation is indulging in thrilling and exciting activities, to derive some pleasure and have fun in one’s leisure time.
While some people just take rest, sleep, watch TV, or play video games on computer in their leisure time, there are many who like to go out for recreation and indulge in activities like cycling, hiking, sailing, surfing, swimming, fishing, etc to have some fun.

Recreation is doing activities that recharge and freshens up in one’s leisure time.

Dance on the other hand is a physical activity that is done with the parts of the body. The difference between recreation, leisure and dance, is that dancing apart from it being physical it is also a mental activity that is done during leisure, and the leisure is referred to as the time that one sets out to relax himself after work. Dance is specific in relation to leisure and recreation, because those ones refer to general time and also general activities done for the purpose for enjoyment and fun, and dance refer to the particular form of body movement done during leisure and for recreation.

Benefits of Recreation and Dance

Refreshment of both body and mind
Create room for fun and enjoyment
Carry over values of skills learnt during physical and health education exercise.
Promotion of mental alertness, social and emotional stability
It helps one relax
Take one mind of daily strains and demands
Helps eliminate stress
helps revitalize a person
Gives a sense of fulfillment
Increases blood circulation
Helps to burn calories
Manage weight

The activities altogether helps one keep fit and consequently one will not be prone to lifestyle related diseases

Assessment

……………… can be defined as participation in sporting activities during our leisure time through which one may better develop physically, mentally and emotionally and socially
a. Leisure
b. Recreation
c. Dance
d. None of the above
One of the following is not a benefit of recreation and dance
a. It stresses you
b. Helps revitalize a person
c. Manages weight
d. Helps to burn calories
……… is a physical activity that is done with the parts of the body
a. Leisure
b. Recreation
c. Dance
d. None of the above
……. is the spare or rest time in the daily life of a person when he is not occupied by work, studies, sleep
a. Leisure
b. Recreation
c. Dance
d. None of the above

Answers

Importance of Food

Physical Health Education Jss 1 Third Term

Week 2

Topic : Importance of Food

Introduction

Food plays a very important role in maintaining proper health and also help in prevention and cure of diseases. When we eat well we become strong and healthy.Good nutrition equates good health. The following are the importance of food to man;

Food eliminates hunger
Provides energy for various physical activities
For healthy living

Food is an essential part of everyone’s lives. It gives us the energy and nutrients to grow and develop, be healthy and active, to move, work, play, think and learn. The body needs a variety of the following 5 nutrients – protein, carbohydrate, fat, vitamins and minerals – from the food we eat to stay healthy and productive.
Protein – is needed to build, maintain and repair muscle, blood, skin and bones and other tissues and organs in the body. Foods rich in protein include meat, eggs, dairy and fish.
Carbohydrate – provides the body with its main source of energy. Carbohydrates can be classified into two kinds; starches and sugars. Food rich in starches include rice, maize, wheat and potatoes and food rich in sugars include fruit, honey, sweets and chocolate bars.
Fat – This is the body’s secondary source of energy. Fat actually provides more energy/calories per gram than any other nutrient, but is more difficult to burn.
Food rich in fats are oils, butter, lard, milk, cheese and some meat. Vitamins and Minerals – Vitamins and minerals are needed in very small amounts and are sometimes called micronutrients, but are essential for good health. They
control many functions and processes in the body, and in the case of minerals also help build body tissue such as bones (calcium) and blood (iron).

Here are some other importance foods according to types;

Importance of Grains, Seeds and Nuts in our food:

They all are at utmost importance of all other food which is essential for growth of human. Seeds, nuts and grains are examples of some essential unsaturated fatty acids necessary for health.
Millet, wheat, oats, barley, brown rice, beans and peas are all highly valuable in building health.
Wheat, mug beans, alfalfa seeds and soya beans make excellent sprouts.
Examples of protein rich diet – sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, almonds, peanuts and soya beans.

They are all excellent sources of lecithin, vitamin B and vitamin c and rich source of minerals.

Importance of vegetables in our food:

Vegetables are also important as they are excellent source of vitamins, enzymes and minerals if they are consumed in their natural raw state.

Importance of fruits in our food:

Fruits are also excellent source of minerals , vitamins and enzymes like vegetables , the best thing about fruit is that they are very digestive, other importance of fruits are :

– Fruits are highly alkaline in nature i.e. they contains low percentage of protein and fats and a high percentage of water.

– Fruits itself is a complete food.

These three types of nutrients should be supplemented by some other types of special food as milk , honey and vegetables oil etc .

Assessment

List 3 Importance of Food
Mention the function of the following food nutrients – Protein, Carbohydrates and Water

Answers

Food eliminates hunger
Provides energy for various physical activities
For healthy living
Food gives us energy
Protein – Build, maintain and repair body tissues
Carbohydrates – Gives energy to the body
Water – Aids digestion

Athletics (Track and Field Event) – Discus and Shot put

Physical Health Education JSS 1 Third Term

Week 3

Topic : Athletics (Track and Field Event) – Discus and Shot put

What is Athletics?

Athletics is a competitive sports which started during the time of the early men when they were forced to run, jump, climb trees and mountains, throw sticks and stones, swim, dance and wrestle in order to obtain their food and protect their life which was constantly in danger by enemy forces.

Scope of athletics

Athletics can be grouped into two headings;

Track events

Field events

Rules governing the game of shot put

Uniform

Shot put participants are required to wear a clean school or team uniform unless they are participating in an amateur competition that does not specify uniform requirements. No visible jewelry is allowed in most cases, though exceptions may be made for religious jewelry provided it is taped to the body to prevent movement. Gloves cannot be worn, and the hands cannot be taped or bandaged unless there is a cut or other wound that needs to be covered. Supporting the wrists with tape is allowed.

Preparation

Once the competition has begun, participants can no longer take practice throws or engage in other warm-up activities. An exception to this is made if the participant’s coach or other official is present to actively monitor the warm up, though practice throws are still prohibited once competitors actively begin throwing shots.

The Shot

Shots may vary in size, weight and material as long as minimum requirements for their construction are met. The shot must be smooth and round, solid and made of metal no softer than brass. The shot can be a solid metal ball or can have a shell of iron, brass or other acceptable materials filled with lead or other heavier metals. Shots are available in 6-, 12- and 16-pound varieties, as well as 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- and 6-kilogram varieties. Shots must conform to minimum and maximum diameters based on their weight to be allowed for use in official USA Track and Field competitions.

Playing Area

When throwing a shot, competitors stand inside of a circle 7 feet in diameter. A sector extending from the circle is used to determine valid throws; the two radius lines of the sector originate from the center of the circle and are measured at 34.92 degrees apart. A curved white stop board is placed within the circle between the sector lines, serving as an indicator of the valid throwing sector and as a warning of where the thrower cannot cross.

Putting the Shot

The act of throwing a shot is known as a put and must be performed in a certain way to be valid. The elbow must bend to draw the shot back, holding it near or touching the neck and chin but not farther back than the shoulder. The put itself is performed by extending the arm straight to launch the shot into the air; throws that bring the shot back or give it an overhand or underhand circular momentum will be disqualified. The put must be performed within 60 seconds of being called to enter the circle. The thrower cannot leave the circle until the shot has landed and the judge has called for it to be marked.

Measurement

Measurement is made with a measuring tape from the inside edge of the stop board to the closest side of the shot once it has landed. If the shot lands on one of the sector lines, a foul is called and no measurement is made. If the shot lands outside the sector lines, it is out of bounds and no measurement is made. Measurements are to the nearest 1/4 inch or nearest 1/4 centimeter, though individual competitions may alter this as needed.

Rules governing discus

Here are some of the important rules regarding discus −

The discus can be made of any material such as wood but it must have a circular edge with a metallic rim.
Inner construction can be both solid and hollow.
The cross section of the edge should be made in circular manner and it should have a radius of 6mm.
All sides of the discus should be identical. They must be free from any type of sharp edges or irregularities.
Finishing of the discus should be smooth.

Rules Regarding Cage

Here are some important rules regarding cage −

The construction and the strength of the cage should be such that it can arrest a disc of around 2Kg coming at a speed of 25m/sec.
There should be no threat of rebounding of the disc from the cage.
The cage should have at least one side open. Therefore it is often recommended to construct it in a “U” shape.
At the lowest pint the height of the netting point should be 4m.
Synthetic and natural fiber is the idle material for the construction of the net. However, high tensile strength steel wire can also be used.

Rules Regarding Throw

Here are some important rules regarding throw −

The discus can only be thrown by an athlete when he or she will stand inside a circle which has a diameter of 2.5m.
During the course of throw, the athletes are prohibited from touching the top of the rim. However, they can touch the inner part of the rim.
An athlete cannot touch the ground beyond the circle.
If the athlete leaves the circle before the landing of the disc on the ground, then it will be considered as a foul throw.
In the Olympic matches, each athlete is given 8 chances to showcase their talents.
There is particular boundary of landing of the disc. If the disc lands outside that zone then that throw is considered invalid.

Drawing and labeling of Shot put sector

Assessment

Mention 4 rules governing discuss

BASIC SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES IN TRACK AND FIELD EVENTS

Physical Health Education JSS 1 Third Term

Week 4
TOPIC : BASIC SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES

BASIC SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES IN THE FOLLOWING EVENTS:

Shot put.
Discus

Basic skills and technique in discus

The hold/grip
The stance
The wind up/rotation
The throwing
The release

Holding the shot

The shot is held at the base of the fingers not the palm
The fingers are slightly spread apart with the thumb for support.
The hand will be bent back in the cocked position when holding the shot. It looks like you are caring a pizza.

Put your non-throwing hand beneath the discus for support. Your throwing hand (including the thumb) is on top of the discus with your fingers evenly spread. The top knuckle of your four fingers (not the thumb) should touch the rim, with your fingertips over the sides. Alternatively, you can place your index and middle fingers together while evenly spacing the remaining fingers. The stance Face away from your target. Stand in the back of the ring with your feet wider than shoulder-width apart and your knees and waist slightly bent. The wind up/the rotation Face away from your target. Stand in the back of the ring with your feet wider than shoulder-width apart and your knees and waist slightly bent. Starting the throw/the throw Rotate your torso clockwise, bringing the discus as far back as you can, holding it in your throwing hand only (if the target is at 12 o’clock, you should end up facing 9 or 10 o’clock). Your non-throwing arm should be pointed in the opposite direction as your throwing arm. Keep your throwing hand as far from your body as possible throughout the throw. Your weight is on your right foot. Your left heel is off the ground. The release Continue shifting your weight forward as you pivot your hips. Bring your arm up at approximately a 35-degree angle to release the discus. The discus should leave your hand smoothly off the index finger with your hand at about shoulder height. Follow through, rotating to your left to remain in the ring and avoid fouling.

Basic skills and techniques in shot put The hold -The shot is held by the finger and not on the palm The stance The stance depends on the method of the glide The glide This is the movement towards the stop board. The release(putting) The shot is released from under the ear, above the shoulder to form an arc before landing. Safety measures in shot put throws

Inspect the surface of the ring for any protrusions or indentations. These can cause the athlete to lost their balance and potentially fall, causing injury Make sure that the ring is swept and free of any grass, dirt or other material that may affect the traction of the competitors’ shoes Make sure that the yellow area is flagged off or otherwise partitioned so that non-competitors cannot wander into it Make sure that the landing area will not create unusual bounces or ricochets. see the note on divots below don’t allow anything foreign in the sector that may cause a bounce (i.e. markers) large stones can be a problem as well, especially with the smaller shots (4K and under) Divots should be filled in so that officials or workers will not twist an ankle, or trip and fall Safety precautions in discus throws A fully stocked first aid kit must be readily accessible. A working communication device (e.g., cell phone) must be accessible. Determine that all equipment is safe for use. Only shots designed for indoor use can be used in the gym. Shot must be of appropriate size and weight for age and gender of the athlete. Softballs, bean bag, knotted towels are an appropriate substitutes for practice purposes. Towel/rag to dry shot. The benefits of taking part in discus and shot put throws Discus and shot put are heavy throws and thus requires a lot of energy and weight. Throwing of shot put and discus do have advantages which will be listed below; It develops quickness in participants. It is a weight training exercise and thus builds dynamic power in the legs. It builds the strength you need it helps in coordination of movements. Improves balance. helps your performance in other track and field events The general importance of partaking in any sporting activity or exercise is also applicable in weight lifting exercises like shot put and discus throws.

Assessment

Mention 5 safety measures in Shot put
List 3 benefits of taking part in discus and shot put throws

Execution of Basic Skills in Discus and Shot put

Physical Health Education JSS 1 Third Term

Week 5
TOPIC : Execution of Basic Skills in Discus and Shot put

The students should be taught and they should practice the basic skills and techniques below;

Basic skills and technique in discus

The hold/grip
The stance
The wind up/rotation
The throwing
The release

Holding the shot

The shot is held at the base of the fingers not the palm
The fingers are slightly spread apart with the thumb for support.
The hand will be bent back in the cocked position when holding the shot. It looks like you are caring a pizza.

Basic skills and techniques in shot put The hold – The shot is held by the finger and not on the palm The stance – The stance depends on the method of the glide The glide – This is the movement towards the stop board. The release(putting) – The shot is released from under the ear, above the shoulder to form an arc before landing.

ASSESSMENT

List FIVE basic skills and techniques in shot put

Ball Games – Soccer

Physical Health Education JSS 1 Third Term

Week 6

Topic: Ball Games – Soccer

Volleyball

History of Volley ball
The Nigeria Volley ball federation was formed in 1970 with Dr. J.C. Omoruan as its first chairman. It is a game played between two teams and two players each. The Volleyball court which is rectangular in shape is divided into two by a centre line where the net poles are fixed and each team occupies a side. Volley ball as a game was invented by Williams J. Morgan at Holyoke Y.M.C.A. gymnasium in America in 1985. The intellectual volleyball association was formed in 1947. Volleyball became an Olympic game in 1964 and was first played at the Olympic Games in Tokyo Japan.

Basic skills and techniques in volleyball

The basic and techniques of volleyball includes:

-The service/serving.

-The spiking/spike.

-The blocking/block.

-The digging/dig pass

-The volleying.

-The drinking.

-The retrieving.

-The set-up.

The service/serving; Service is the way the game is started or the act of putting the game into play No.1 player hits the ball with one hand open or closed or any part of the arm to send it over the net into the opponent’s court, Service is made from anywhere from the baseline .The server must wait for the referee’s signal whistle and the leg must be behind the line
The digging or dig pass: Digging is the act of making contact with the ball using the forearm joined together by the fingers. Separated arms will result in ‘double contact’. Digging is the best for the return of low balls.
The blocking: Blocking is a defense way of obstructing a spiked ball so that it bounces back to the Spiker or touches the ground on the spiker’s side .This can be done by two front players for effective coverage.
The setting- up: The setting-up is the act of putting up the ball for a spike.

Occasions when volleying or setting up is used.

To return a high ball.
To pass the ball to the teammates.
To set the ball for a spike

Officials of the Volley game and their Functions

The referee

The referee is in full control of the game and his decisions on both players and officials are final. He his located approximately 50cm above one end of the net in order to have a clear view of the game. He uses whistle and hands as signals.

The Duties of the First Referee

He has authority over all the players /other officials at any time during the game.
He has the power to settle all disputes including those not specified in the rules.
He can overrule decisions of other official when he considers that they have made mistakes.
He blows the whistle to signal for service.
He supervises the ball over the net’
He indicates when a point is made.
He tosses the ball for the team to choose who serves of who ends.

Duties of the second referee

He places himself opposite the first referee.
He notes the position the player at the beginning and end of the play.
He assists the first referee.
He also uses whistles.
He watches over the center line.
He keeps the official time- out.
He judges contact with the net and supervises the rotation order.
He authorizes supervision.

The scorer’s duties:

He positions himself opposite the referee.
He keeps the records of the players’ name and number.
He records the scores.
He notes all the time outs.
He supplies the referee with relevant information at all times.

The lines man

If four are available, they are placed at the four corners of the court.
If they are two the lines men are placed by the line diagonally opposite each other to watch and to indicate to the referee by raising their flags up above their heads ,and pointing to the front when the ball is in.

Facilities and Equipment

The facilities are:

The court
The net support
The referee stand,

The equipments are:

The ball
The net
The whistle
The score board
The score sheets
The wears for the players

Common Injuries in Volleyball

Ankle injuries

Ankle sprains are the most common acute injuries seen in volleyball athletes, accounting for about 40% of all volleyball related injuries. They occur most commonly at the net when an opposing player lands onto another player’s foot. When dealing with an ankle sprain it is important to adequately rehab the injury before returning to play, preferably under the supervision of an athletic trainer or physical therapist.

Recurrent ankle sprains are extremely common within 6 months of the initial injury, owing to inadequate rehabilitation. One study showed that balance board training to regain balance is an effective tool to help prevent recurrent ankle injuries in volleyball players.

Hand injuries

Trauma to fingers is extremely common, especially during setting and blocking. Most finger injuries in volleyball involve joint sprains, tendon tears, and dislocations. X-rays are indicated in most finger injuries in volleyball to evaluate for any fractures.

Knee injuries

The nature of volleyball requires repetitive explosive jumping, which places a lot of stress on the patellar tendon, resulting in pain in this area. At some point, approximately half of volleyball athletes develop patellar tendinitis, known to many as “jumper’s knee”. The most common site of pain is where the patellar tendon attaches to the lower pole of the knee cap. Treatment consists of stretching and strengthening exercises, and use of a patellar tendon strap can sometimes improve the pain. For some athletes, a period of rest from jumping activities may be necessary.

Although not as common as patellar tendinitis, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears can be a more serious injury and typically occurs in volleyball during a cutting maneuver or when an athlete comes down from a jump awkwardly. Most athletes who wish to return to high demand sports like volleyball generally opt for surgical repair to have the ligament reconstructed. Because many athletes have difficulties returning to high level sports and the potential long term complications after an ACL tear, there is a lot of emphasis placed on prevention programs.

Shoulder injuries

Volleyball players repetitively use their shoulders for overhead serving, spiking and blocking, which commonly leads to shoulder pain. Overuse of the rotator cuff muscles can lead to rotator cuff tendinitis or tears, which is more commonly seen in adults than in young athletes, although it can occur. More often, pain from shoulder instability and resulting impingement is what we typically see in our young athletes. In addition to the rotator cuff muscles, there are also ligaments that help to stabilize the shoulder joint during movement.

In volleyball, the player’s arm typically goes into extreme positions and rotations for hitting. When these muscles and ligaments are overworked and unable to restrain excessive movement of the shoulder, the player may sense as if the shoulder is unstable and typically will develop pain when the rotator cuff and labrum (cartilage) gets impinged against structures inside the shoulder joint because of excessive shoulder movement. Over time, this can lead to sprains.

Lower back pain

Back pain in volleyball players is very common because of repetitive bending and rotating of the trunk. Strains of the lower back is the most common back injury although the repetitive hyperextension of the lower back during hitting and setting can also place a lot of stress on the lower back bones. This can lead to stress fractures of the vertebra in the spine, which is a very common cause of low back pain in volleyball player.

Safety measures in Volleyball

The following are the safety rules in that one should consider when playing volleyball:

Knee Pads

Volleyball players need to wear knee pads, advises the Olympia School District in Washington. Knee pads are important because one of the top sources of volleyball injuries is from players diving for the ball, according to “Managing Risk in Sport and Recreation: The Essential Guide for Loss Prevention”. Players also need to flex their knees and aim to land on body parts that have muscular padding when they dive for balls, advises Milwaukee Public Schools. Long-sleeved jerseys help keep players safe as well.

Playing Area

Ensure the playing surface and net are up to par. This will go a long way toward preventing injury. For example, check to ensure that the posts don’t have any sharp areas, the floor is not uneven or slippery, that protective padding is placed on walls and posts, and that posts are capped.

Avoiding Collisions

Practice makes perfect, because another top source or injury in volleyball is from players colliding. Volleyball requires players to call for the ball to avoid collisions. Also, players are advised to jump straight up as opposed to into the net when blocking or spiking the ball, and to land on both feet. Players also need to strengthen and condition the muscles they use for jumping.

Proper Fit

Players are advised to double-check pads and shoes for proper fit before each practice or game. Regulation volleyball rules also require players to remove all metal hair fasteners, jewelry and other body adornments before practicing or playing.

Hydration and Sun Protection

Volleyball players need to use sun protection when playing outdoors, advises. Players also need to pay careful attention to drinking fluids, whether playing indoors, on the beach or in a back yard

Assessment

Mention 3 duties of a referee
The Nigeria Volley ball federation was formed in ………
a. 1870
b. 1970
c. 1971
d. 1972
Mention 2 common injuries in Volley ball
Volleyball became an Olympic game in ……..
a. 1965
b. 1966
c. 1964
d. 1967

Answers

He has the power to settle all disputes including those not specified in the rules.
He can overrule decisions of other official when he considers that they have made mistakes.
He blows the whistle to signal for service.
He supervises the ball over the net’
He indicates when a point is made.
B
Ankle injuries
Shoulder injuries
Lower back pain
C

PRACTICAL (PRACTICE AND PERFORMANCE OF VOLLEYBALL)

Physical Health Education JSS 1 Third Term

Week 7 & 8
TOPIC : PRACTICAL (PRACTICE AND PERFORMANCE OF VOLLEYBALL)

The basic technique already studied in week 6 should be put into practice.

Soccer

Physical Health Education JSS 1 Third Term

Week 9
TOPIC : Soccer

History of Soccer

Soccer originated in Greece, where it was called harpaston. The Romans obtained the game from the Greeks and in turn passed it on to England. The English called it association football while the Americans called it soccer. The game was brought to Nigeria by colonial masters in the early 19 century, the British sailors that made the stopover in Nigeria played the game as recreation.

Specification of the field

The standard soccer pitch is rectangular in shape and should measure 110m long and 75m wide. The field is divided into two by a centre-line where the centre circle of 9.15m, the penalty spot is 11m to the goal line. The corner arc where the corner flag is fixed has a radius of 11m.

Dimensions

The shape – rectangular
The side/touch line -120m(max)
The goal line -90(max)
The goal area -5.5m by 18.32m
The penalty area – 16.5m by 40.32
The radii of circle and arches – 9.15m
The penalty spot to the goal line -11m
The height of the goal post -2.44m
The radii of corner arches -1m
The corner flag post -1.5m

Basic skills and techniques in soccer

Kicking

Kicking is the act of moving the ball with the leg from place to place either by the sides of the toes or in step.

The dribbling

Dribbling is the act of moving with the ball and avoiding the opponents in a zigzag manner, in doing this the ball is kept close to the feet.

The throw-in

Throw-in is the act of putting the ball to play after it has gone over the touch line, either on the ground or in the air ,it shall be ‘throw-in’ from the point where it crossed the line.

The rules governing the throw-in

The throw-in is taken by the opponent of the player who last touch the ball before it went out of play.
At the moment of delivering the ball, the thrower must face the field of play.
At the moment of delivering, part of both feet must be in contact with the ground.
The thrower must use both hands.
The thrower must deliver the ball from behind and over his head.
The ball is in play immediately it is thrown and passes over the touch line.
The thrower must not play the ball until it is has been played by another player .If he does so an indirect free kick is awarded against his team at the point of the infringement.
A goal cannot be scored directly after a throw-in.
If the ball is not properly thrown it is awarded to the opponent.
A player cannot be offside directly from a throw-in.
The ball must be thrown not dropped.

The shooting

Shooting is the act of kicking the ball at the goal-post with the aim of scoring.

The goal-keeping

Goalkeeping is the act of preventing the ball from going into the goal post by using the whole body especially the hands. Only the goal is allowed to the hands during the match.

The heading

Heading is the act of playing the ball with the head. The head can be used to trap, pass and score. The strongest part of the head that is used for heading is the forehead.

Rules and regulations governing soccer

Rules and regulations governing kickoff in soccer

Every player must remain in the own half of the field ,until his own ball is played
The player of the opposing team must be at least 9.5m away from the ball
The ball must be kicked into the opponents half of the field or passed forward not backwards
The ball must make a complete revolution of its size or travel its circumference before the referees whistle.
The card must be stationary on the centre spot before the kick-off
A goal may be scored directly from a kick-of

The rules governing free kicks

The ball must be stationary when it is to be taken
All defending players must be at least 9.15m away from the ball until has been taken
The ball is in play when it has traveled its circumference
After taking the kick, the kicker must not play the ball the second time until it has been played by another player, if he does, an indirect free kick is awarded his team at the point of infringement.

The direct free kick

Indirect free kick is awarded for any of the technical offences .A goal cannot be scored directly from it unless through another player.

Rules governing the goal kick

The ball must be placed stationary on the point where the lines of the goal are met
All players of the attacking team must remain outside the penalty area until the kick is taken
If the ball fails to travel beyond the penalty area, the kick is taken
A goal maybe scored directly from a goal kick
The defending goal keeper cannot receive the ball directly from a goal kick.
The kicker may not play a second time before it is kicked by another player.

Officials in soccer and their functions

The referee
Two assistant referees
Match commissioner
Reserve referee

Duties of the Officials

The referee

He conducts the toss for the team to choose ends
He makes decisions on when to continue and abandon a match
He enforces the rules and regulations
He rejects unsuitable match equipment
He keeps record of the game
He acts as the time keeper
He cautions the player
He uses the yellow and red cards to book players
He takes full control of the game
His decision is final

The assistant referees

They assist the referee to control the game
Each assistant referee takes charge of half of the field
They signal with the assistant referees flags

Facilities and equipment of soccer

The nets
The ball
The jersey
The shorts
The soccer boots
The hand gloves
The socks/hose
The shin guard
The stop watch
The whistle
The flags
The referee’s cards(yellow and red)

Common injuries in soccer

The ankle sprain
Jones fracture
Anterior crucial ligament
Meniscus tear
Adductors strain
Hams tong strain

Assessment

Soccer originated in …….
a. Greece
b. USA
c. UK
d. None of the above
List 3 injuries in Soccer
Mention 3 activities in Soccer
Mention 4 rules governing throw-in

Answers

A
The ankle sprain
Jones fracture
Anterior crucial ligament
Meniscus tear
Abductors strain
The nets
The ball
The jersey
The shorts
The soccer boots
The hand gloves
The socks/hose
The stop watch
At the moment of delivering, part of both feet must be in contact with the ground.
The thrower must use both hands.
The thrower must deliver the ball from behind and over his head.
The ball is in play immediately it is thrown and passes over the touch line.
The thrower must not play the ball until it is has been played by another player. If he does so an indirect free kick is awarded against his team at the point of the infringement.
A goal cannot be scored directly after a throw-in.

PERFORMANCE AND PRACTICE OF SOCCER

Physical Health Education JSS 1 Third Term

Week 10

TOPIC : PERFORMANCE AND PRACTICE OF SOCCER

Students are expected to practice and play at the school field.

PRACTICAL (PRACTICE AND PERFORMANCE OF VOLLEYBALL)

PERFORMANCE AND PRACTICE OF SOCCER

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